酵母菌在环境污染治理中的应用与进展

酵母菌是一种珍贵的微生物资源,由于它具有良好的耐酸、耐渗透压、产生单细胞蛋白等特点,广泛地应用于环境污染治理中。文章概括了酵母菌处理各类废水的方法、在废弃物资源化利用发挥的作用以及酵母菌对污染土壤的修复作用,指出随着酵母菌研究的深入和其它相关技术的开发,酵母菌在环境污染治理中得到更广泛、更深入的应用,实现环境、社会和经济等可持续发展。     

营养条件对污水中小球藻生长及产能效应的影响

以过滤的富营养化的鱼塘废水为培养液,添加外源的碳、氮、磷元素,考察污水中不同的外源无机碳浓度、总氮浓度、总磷浓度对小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)的生长、油脂含量和烃类含量的影响。在25℃、光照强度为4 500 Lux、光暗比为12L:12D的条件下培养10 d。单因子方差分析和多重比较结果表明:(1)以Na2CO3做碳源,小球藻生物量和烃类含量在外源无机碳浓度为6 mg/L时最高,油脂含量在外源无机碳浓度为12 mg/L最高。(2)以KNO3做氮源,小球藻生物量在总氮浓度为25 mg/L时最高,油脂含量在总氮浓度为15 mg/L时最高,烃含量在总氮浓度为20 mg/L时最高。(3)以KH2PO4做磷源,小球藻生物量和烃类含量在总磷浓度为2 mg/L时最高,油脂含量在总磷浓度为1.5 mg/L时最高。     

Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phenols from coking wastewater by simultaneously synthesized organobentonite in a one-step process

The optimal condition for a one-step process removing organic compounds from coking wastewater by simultaneously synthesized organobentonite as a pretreatment was investigated. Results showed that sorption of organic compounds by organobentonite was positively correlated to the cation surfactant exchange on the bentonite and the octanol-water partition coefficient (K_ow) of the solutes. With 0.75 g/L bentonite and 180 mg/L (60% of bentonite cation exchange capacity) cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, the removal efficiencies of the 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) specified by the US Environmental Protection Agency in coking wastewater except naphthalene were more than 90%, and that of benzo(a)pyrene was 99.5%. At the same time, the removal efficiencies of COD_Cr, NH₃-N, volatile phenols, colour and turbidity were 28.6%, 13.2%, 8.9%, 55% and 84.3%, respectively, and the ratio of BOD₅/COD_Cr increased from 0.31 to 0.41. These results indicated that the one-step process had high removal efficiency for toxic and refractory hydrophobic organic compounds, and could improve the biodegradability of the coking wastewater. Therefore it could be a promising technology for the pretreatment of toxic and refractory organic wastewater.     

Steady performance of a zero valent iron packed anaerobic reactor for azo dye wastewater treatment under variable influent quality

Zero valent iron (ZVI) is expected to help create an enhanced anaerobic environment that might improve the performance of anaerobic treatment. Based on this idea, a novel ZVI packed upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (ZVI-UASB) reactor was developed to treat azo dye wastewater with variable influent quality. The results showed that the reactor was less influenced by increases of Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B concentration from 50 to 1000 mg/L and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from 1000 to 7000 mg/L in the feed than a reference UASB reactor without the ZVI. The ZVI decreased oxidation-reduction potential in the reactor by about 80 mV. Iron ion dissolution from the ZVI could buffer acidity in the reactor, the amount of which was related to the COD concentration. Fluorescence in situ hybridization test showed the abundance of methanogens in the sludge of the ZVI-UASB reactor was significantly greater than that of the reference one. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis showed that the ZVI increased the diversity of microbial strains responsible for high efficiency.     

零价铁还原和吸附去除水中污染物的研究进展

近年来,零价铁以其低毒、廉价、易操作且对环境不会产生二次污染等优点,在水污染治理中受到重视。文章介绍了零价铁处理污水的机理,对利用零价铁的还原和吸附作用去除污水中的氯代有机物、硝基芳香族化合物、偶氮染料、重金属、高氯酸盐、硝酸盐等的研究情况进行了综述,指出了零价铁废水处理技术的研究方向。     

城市污泥中重金属有效态分布特征研究

以沈阳市北部污水处理厂剩余活性污泥为研究对象,对污泥中重金属Cd,Pb,Cu,Zn的含量及其形态分布特性进行分析。结果表明:污泥中4种重金属的含量基本符合国家相关控制标准(GB 18918-2002和CJ248-2007)。采用8种提取剂(0.05 mol/L EDTA,0.01 mol/L CaCl2,0.01 mol/LCa2(NO3)2,0.1 mol/L NaNO3,1 mol/L NH4OAC,0.43 mol/LHAC,0.05mol/L NaHCO3和0.05 mol/L Tris-HCl)分别对污泥中重金属的螯合态,中性交换态,酸溶态,碱溶态和蛋白质结合态进行分离分析。结果表明:4种重金属螯合态存在的比例较大,分别占各重金属总量的5.9%~27.2%,其次为酸溶态和中性交换态,而以碱溶态和蛋白质结合态形式存在的比例较少,除Cd外均低于1%。污泥中Cd和Pb具有较高的活性,而Cu,Zn在碱性污泥中主要以稳定态存在。     

煤液化催化剂生产废水处理工艺设计和运行

采用斜板沉降-流砂过滤-蒸发器-结晶器工艺来处理煤液化催化剂生产废水。本文对该项目的催化剂生产废水处理工艺路线进行了详细介绍,并对实际生产期间的运行数据做了总结分析。通过运行数据表明:该工艺线路技术可靠,产品水的各项指标均能稳定达到再生水用作工业用水水源的水质标准,满足了生产回用的目的,且能够实现长期连续稳定运行。     

自然循环污水处理技术的应用与创新

以示范工程为契机,引进、消化吸收国际先进污水处理技术和设计理念。该技术作为一项小型生活污水处理先进技术,具有较好的推广应用价值和前景,对于出水水质要求高、气候条件恶劣的地区应用优势明显,在低温、青藏高原地区较其它工艺技术更能适应。     

脱色剂Z60去除焦化废水色度的应用研究

在单因素影响试验基础上用正交实验法研究了脱色剂Z60对焦化废水色度的去除效果,对最佳反应时间、温度、药剂投加量进行了初步试验研究,试验表明：在搅拌强度满足均匀混合条件下,反应温度25oC,絮凝沉降时间40min,色度去除率达80％以上,色度低于50倍。     

利用固定化藻菌耦合系统同步去除污水中的COD和氮磷

利用活性污泥和莱茵衣藻建立了一套固定化藻菌耦合系统同步去除污水中的COD和氮磷.系统污水日处理量为6 m3,水力停留时间为12 h.对于活性污泥部分,当厌氧槽搅拌转速为15 r.min-1,好氧槽DO值为5 mg.L-1时COD由150 mg.L-1左右降到50 mg.L-1,氨氮从20～30 mg.L-1降到0.5 ...